Pros And Cons Of Online Dating - 1350 Words

This article contains bias. The argument the article makes is online dating is beneficial to everyone because it is a way to meet people and talk with them before meeting them in person. It shows bias even though Ms. Spira was trying not to show bias. She did not seek any evidence beyond her viewpoint and experiences. She did not go beyond her expertise to show that there can be larger negative aspects to online dating (Boss, 8). The point in the article was if you want to meet your special someone you need to combine online dating and offline dating. Online dating will lead to offline dating which will lead to a long-term relationship. Examples of bias are the article presented pros and cons of both online dating and offline dating.†¦show more content†¦Ms. Spira’s resources are from her work as a â€Å"Cyber-Dating Expert†. She is able to present the argument as credible because she is classified as the go-to person for media and mobile dating. She has been coaching singles in the art of online dating for years and written a book on looking for love online. Her website states she is â€Å"America’s Top Online Dating Expert and Digital Matchmaker. (Prenner, 2017)† By coaching in the online field for many years and being an award-winning coach, people will believe this article to be credible. I am on the opposite side of Ms. Spira’s viewpoint. Online dating creates negative feelings and doubts in a person and a relationship. It also does not have a history of retaining long-term relationships. The people presenting themselves in the profiles are not forthcoming with their true selves and therefore, it takes even longer to get to know the person for real. John Walters wrote an article about online dating being impersonal. He states that online dating has made love and interaction a product. The article states there is not unpredictability in getting to know someone but it creates disappointment. Mr. Walters feel when one chooses to meet others on a dating website, they are rationalizing each trait they want in a mate and taking emotion completely out of the equation (Walters, 2011). Aditi Paul, PhD supports the claim that online dating does not create too many long-term relationships. The scholarlyShow MoreRelatedOnline Dating Pros and Cons1060 Words   |  5 Page sOnline dating allows singles, couples, or groups to meet each other online with the hopes of forming a social, romantic, or sexual relationship. Those that sign up with an online dating service typically provide information for other members to view in the form of a personal profile. This personal profile is the main deciding factor as to whether or not an online dater chooses to communication with another member of the online dating service. Online dating, a relatively new form of social matchmakingRead MoreOnline / Social Media And Dating1103 Words   |  5 PagesOnline/Social Media and Dating When it comes to the details about the beginning of mankind, kind few things can be proven or presented as an absolute fact. One of the things that is an exception, which would be love. Love, infatuation, attraction or whatever you want to call the almost undefinable attraction to another human has always been around. Now the never ending question is how do you find love, how do you find the person that some would even say is created for them? Over the years mankindRead MorePros And Cons Of Social Media1114 Words   |  5 PagesFacebook, Twitter, Snapchat, dating sites. When using these sites it allows the users to create a platform for themselves, or just use then to feel connected with people you know. There are many pros a con that comes with using social media that can make people think differently of a person or the way of living. The pros of social media are absolutely harmless and could be beneficial to the people providing these pros and the people who like or relate to the pros. For example say an up comingRead MoreOnline Dating And The Internet944 Words   |  4 Pagesadvertisements for online dating. Online dating is communicating with others through the internet with the objective of beginning a romantic relationship. You can join the online dating community through websites or apps. It is very common for individuals to take part in this method of dating. While some experiences with the service conclude with happy endings, you can’t be guaranteed one. There are dangerous factors when it comes to using online dating. The first online dating website was establishedRead MoreThe Problem Of Online Dating Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThere’s no question that dating 40 years ago was much different than dating now. While back then we actually had to go out and meet somebody to be seen, now, with the click of a button, our entire lives can instantly go public. Social media has created this labeling phenomenon in which individuals can categorize another based on a certain trait. Take online dating, for example. We set up a profile that includes hobbies, interests, places lived, and even sometimes body shape. But the most importantRead MoreOnline Dating Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesOnline Dating Some people today feel they cannot meet someone in their everyday lives so they turn to the internet to find a prospective partner, people us the internet as a way of meeting new people Online dating has become the new way of finding your soul mate The internet has made dating more convenient you no longer to have to go out to a bar and spend money trying to impress or you really don’t have, for people who are shy this is the perfect way to screen a potential in the privacy. I thoughtRead MoreLong Distance Relationships1595 Words   |  7 Pagesnegative aspects of Long Distance Relationships. Weaknesses, strengths and differences in long distance relationships versus geographically close relationships are evident. The articles represent studies that have been conducted and provide the pros and cons, and the different affects they have in relationships. â€Æ' Long Distance Relationships-Modern Media Long distance relationships can be stressful at times because of the distance between partners. However, distance can be beneficial, in many waysRead MoreOnline Dating1706 Words   |  7 PagesOnline dating is a which allows individuals, couples and groups to make contact and communicate with each other over the Internet, usually with the objective of developing a personal, romantic, or sexual relationship. Match making occurs over the Internet using computers or cellphones. In order to use an online dating service, people start by creating a profile with basic information about themselves such as gender, age, location, and interests, and at least one photo. Most online dating servicesRead MoreSocial Networking: Does It Do More Good to Us Than Bad1063 Words   |  5 Pagesfaster internet connections coming into service, the use of social networks have sky rocketed; especially among young adults. Since social networking has become such a controversial topic these days, I decided to conduct my research project on the pros and cons of social networking. Has it done more good to society than bad? These questions deserve to be answered because as more people move towards these new modes of communication, the higher the influence it will have on the society as a whole. In myRead MoreThe Is A Good Thing For Society?1019 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose. This term has been around since the 1980s, but never has it been more prevalent than now. It seems that not a w eek can go by without one of these online incidents appearing on the news. With technology advancing, it raises the following question: Are hacktivists beneficial or detrimental to society? After a careful analysis of the pros and cons, one side of this question becomes increasing favorable. Hacktivism is a good thing for society. First, it gives individuals the power to speak their

How Are Youths’ Perceptions Contributing to Its Popularity Free Essays

string(138) " purchasing environmentally friendly apparel and they may be unwilling to pay increased prices for sustainable apparel \(Connell, 2010\)\." Exploring the CEO-fashion trend: How are youths’ perceptions contributing to its popularity? Introduction Ensuring garments are produced in an environmentally friendly manner in regards to its materials, consumer benefits and the condition in which employees are working is the essence of what CEO-fashion is all about (Hudson, 2012). According to Hudson (2012), 2011 was the leading year fashion industries realized a prosperous opportunity and need for venturing into the businesses of CEO-friendly clothing. CEO- fashion has increased in popularity as a global trend and Anne Salvatore Epstein was he one that discovered this concept in 2009, when she was pregnant. We will write a custom essay sample on How Are Youths’ Perceptions Contributing to Its Popularity? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reason for Epstein to embrace this concept was because of her desire to enhance the organic value in life for her new born. In order to create an organic fashion trend, Epstein first collaboration partnership was with Marc Jacobs (Smith, 2006). Generation Y, the main target market for sustainable fashion, enjoys the quick trends presented by fast fashion retailers (Martin ; Bush, 2000, as cited in Hill, 2011). However, the value of being socially responsible and taking into consideration sustainability issues is mongo their concerns as well (Yang, 2003). According to a study by a market research company, Marital, 47% of the participants from generation Y found that they are attracted to environmentally friendly services, products or brands and are often more agreeable to pay extra when purchasing. The explanations behind the enthusiasm of the vast majority were due to reasons such as â€Å"care about the environment†, â€Å"it’s the right thing to do† or â€Å"so that people know I’m environmentally aware† (Barcelona, 2007). A significant figure of 47% of Generation Y is willing to shop at a retailer more often if they were environmentally friendly’, was the outcome of the study, hence describing their attitudes towards retailers that positioned themselves as environmentally aware (Barcelona, 2007). A result from another study also showed that a co mpany’s social and environmental commitments are factors to be considered by of Generation Y interviewed and 83% find a company more treatable if it practices the societal marketing concept (Kim, Change, Lee ; Huh, 2011). The improved public education that generation Y received in their early childhood consequently resulted in their heightened awareness and concern of becoming more environmentally conscious than previous generations (Meddlesome ; Polygons, 1995, as cited in Kim, Change, Lee ; Huh, 2011). Throughout their lives, Gene Y has faced detrimental issues regarding global climate change and ozone depletion. As a result, increased awareness through sound environmental education is an important element when teaching hence emphasizing the importance of protecting the environment. Additionally, younger consumers are more likely to be fashion leaders (Goldsmith ; Clark, 2009, as cited in Hill, 2011), therefore understanding generation Yes perception towards CEO-fashion may lead to a better understanding of owe they are contributing to its growing popularity (Morgan ; Bristle, 2009). Research Justification Despite the prominently growing trend of CEO-fashion and its popularity in the fashion industry, identification of factors influencing consumers’ evaluations and perceptions of sustainable product requires further research. Lack of available options is one of the major barriers to CEO-fashion (Hillier Connell, 2010). Moreover, there is limited research directed towards consumers’ views of fashion sustainability (Morgan ; Bristle, 2009). Thus highlighting the need to acquire further insight into generation Yes perceptions of fashion and sustainability. Fashion retailers are seen to have a unique position of being closer to consumers, as their business model and supply chain is driven by consumer demand (Bristle, Squid ; Frito, 2003). Therefore consumer’s opinions concerning sustainability are essential to how retailers conduct business in addition to the fact that they are able to respond quicker to the demand for sustainable products more appropriately. Owner and founder of Coming NYC and a fashion retailer that excelled in CEO-fashion, Anne Bernstein, has proudly dedicated to educating the public about the advantages of CEO-friendly fashion (Pietistic, 2009). According to Bernstein, there are three key factors that CEO-fashion designers take into consideration when creating pieces of fashion that is considered â€Å"sustainable†. They are the health of the planet, health of garments makers, and the quality of products in terms of sustainability essentially serving the purpose of long-term usage (Pietistic, 2009). Bridges Wilhelm (2008) found a low level of knowledge of sustainability matched with a high level of interest in the concept among Generation Y. Hence, this research seeks to consider Generation Yes perceptions towards the sustainable line of fashion garments and how these perceptions will contribute to the expanding popularity of CEO-fashion. Taking the above mentioned into consideration, this study will aim at providing fashion designers and retailers the insight needed into factors Generation Y consumers consider in relation to the concept of CEO-fashion. Understanding this could better equip retailers when creating marketing campaigns when targeting consumers as it is based on their level of knowledge and understanding. Objective of Research This research paper intends to determine the factors that affect the Generation Y consumer’s perceptions towards the concept of CEO-fashion, and how these factors result in the mounting popularity of CEO-fashion. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to: 1 . Identify the stimulus affecting perceptions towards CEO-fashion among Generation Y. 2. Examine the relationship between Generation Y consumers’ perceptions on CEO-fashion concept and the popularity of the concept in regards to the five variables that will be analyzed. Literature Review Price and the purchase intention of CEO-apparel Consumer’s price sensitivity has attracted the attention of various researchers throughout the 21st century. The reason being is studies have shown that price is the cost that shoppers are able to best determine thus making it among the most important criteria when deciding to purchase (Dickson ; Hustled, 2009). To further elaborate, in a recent study of shopper’s selection, price was consistently indicated as a major influencing factor (Sensei Todd, 2003). This coincides with the findings of how retailers too, find price to be an important factor for shoppers thus emphasizing its relevance (Sensei Todd, 2003). Studies have shown that the perception of higher prices may prove to be a barrier to purchasing environmentally friendly apparel and they may be unwilling to pay increased prices for sustainable apparel (Connell, 2010). You read "How Are Youths’ Perceptions Contributing to Its Popularity?" in category "Papers" However the way in which retailers are able to overcome this issue is by producing apparel on a global scale thus increasing sourcing options that allows manufacturers to compete on lower prices (Gamma, 2011). Another solution is sustainable fashion is encouraged to develop current styles and provide increased information to customers through labeling to inform them (Height, 2009). Levis have incorporated this concept into their trendy clothing proving how it can gain customers through style and ethics (Mesa , 22)). The concept is still emerging into the retail business hence showing its potential to grow. Furthermore, it was stated in green marketing literature that consumers that are environmentally conscious are willing to purchase green products that may cost more than the average (Halyard, Ogle Dunbar, 2006). HI : Price positively affects the purchase intention of CEO-apparel. Perceived quality and the purchase intention of CEO-apparel When considering a product, consumers take into account their perceived quality of the products characteristics meaning its overall components that are physical and non-physical (Hill Lee, 2012). Elements such as reliability, durability and performance are factors that lead to consumer satisfaction or dissatisfaction in accordance with their expectation (Sheen, Wang, Lo Chum, 2012). As CEO- apparel is still a young concept in the business, consumers may be reluctant in purchasing such goods although they are environmentally conscious. Another barrier that may be faced is the belief among consumers that apparel made of recycled eternal is of reduced quality. The large apparel industry leaves a large carbon footprint in the environment as it is ever changing and growing resulting in increased wastage (Chain Wong, Wong). Through all stages of its product life cycle: from fiber growth, manufacturing, dyeing, transportation to end users each step leaves a harmful impact (Hill Lee, 2012). Consequently, designers are taking initiative by engaging in CEO fashion by producing their clothes in a way that best suits the environment (Hill, 2012). Utilizing 100% organic fibers, bamboo and hemp are among the biodegradable materials used in the production process. The sturdy fibers of the plants increase the durability of the products promising that the garments made are of strong quality. In addition, for those that are hesitant as it is a new concept, reputable designers such as Guess Scares have altered methods of production to create more CEO-friendly garments (Volitional, 2009). Customers need not make trade-offs in terms of attributes that create quality when selecting CEO- apparel products to purchase due to qualities like 100% organic cotton (Sheen, Wang, Lo Chum, 2012). By remaining stylish, entities have been able to promote Rene fashion without compromising their cool factor, thus enhancing their brand image to a larger pool of customers besides guaranteeing quality. H2O: Perceived quality positively affects the purchase intention of CEO-apparel. Openness to innovation and the purchase intention of CEO-apparel One of the main influences in determining the purchase of CEO-garments depends on an individual’s personality and their openness to experience. Each person has a unique self-image they try to portray and remain consistent with in accordance to the type of good or service consumed (Sibilate ; Undervaluation, 2012). A significant indicator of the type of consumers that may be attracted towards this concept are those that indulge in innovative ideas (Cornell ; Heartfelt, 2012). As stated by Coworker , 2011, the CEO-apparel concept is fairly new and is gradually gaining awareness among consumers and businesses thus the need for consumers to be open to new ideas is vital in order for them to accept this idea (Coworker, 2011). Getting a further understanding of the degree to which consumers inhibit a desire to experience unique ideas allows marketers and CEO retailers the opportunity to take advantage increasing the amount of potential customers. However, research has shown that the level of generation Yes knowledge regarding this matter is low, yet it also indicates that they put great emphasize on their concern of this issue (Sensei ; Todd, 2003). Their willingness to educate themselves will essentially result in an increased desire to indulge in CEO-friendly goods (Ma, Littered ; NIMH, 2012). Targeting generation Y in an effort to gain increased supporters of CEO-garments is key to its success (Connell, 2010). However, capturing those individuals that are more ailing to engage in such products enables this concept to gain popularity more rapidly. HE: Consumer innovativeness positively affects the purchase intention of CEO- apparel. The socio-cultural impact and the purchase intention of CEO-apparel When discussing the environment as a whole, several factors can be taken into consideration in accordance to an individual’s life. CEO-fashion is currently considered to be a niche market hence appropriately targeting those consumers that are environmentally concerned with products that are designed to fit their lifestyles (Bruno, Mindedness, Reid Yanks, 2008). Moreover, generation Y consumers that enjoy shopping generally have specific lifestyles, motivations and opinions in relation to shopping (Serbia-Sanchez, Vagary Hot, 2011). Their motivations to purchase certain goods tend to reflect their social and recreational identities (Serbia-Sanchez, Vagary Hot, 2011). Hence by purchasing specific goods such as CEO-apparel allows them to communicate to their peers that they are able to incorporate their values and beliefs of being socially aware through the clothes they purchase. Moreover, segmenting research has shown that lifestyle profiles of customers are a more beneficial meaner to differentiate green consumers than demographics thus highlighting the importance of understanding their daily lives (Hill, 2012). In addition, as generation Y makes up a large segment of the retailer business, their interest in fashion and shopping is dominant. They are more prone to seeking new knowledge regarding clothing products which can lead to greater curiosity concerning CEO-garments (Sheen, Wang, Lo Chum, 2012). They find a sense of self-fulfillment when purchasing CEO-made goods as it promotes an CEO- lifestyle (Macaroon, 2009). Research has shown that by combining an CEO-friendly production process with fashion-orientated behaviors may identify the degree to which consumers are more willing to purchase CEO-apparel (Cornell, Hester Richard, 2011). For those that want to express their values in regards to being CEO- friendly but also want to be stylish, top designers such as Archie Rich, was able to feature a â€Å"stunning pink and yellow skirt† made entirely from corn fiber. This shows the potential of such raw materials hence allowing them to further advance consumers beliefs and perceptions regarding this industry (Larry, 2012). Moreover, designer he stated how people often perceive the fashion world as superficial. Therefore this could be a stepping stone that proves to the world that by utilizing such resources in their clothing shows their willingness to help (Larry, 2012). Businesses are able to undergo certain actions in their business that allows consumers to form certain perceptions about this issue. This results in the target market discovering certain attitudes, beliefs and values they own that translates into their daily lives. HE: The socio-cultural positively affects the purchase intention of CEO-apparel. Corporate persona and initiatives and the purchase intention of CEO-apparel Throughout the last decade, corporate social responsibility (CARS) has gained incredible momentum across diverse businesses globally as it is being considered as a main objective for firms. This is done in an attempt to emphasize their commitment to environmental, social and economic goals that go beyond their commercial activities Cones, Comfort Hillier, 2006). Studies have shown that the generation Y consumer does appreciate activities retailers practice and prefer to purchase from companies that are making a difference in society (Hill Lee, 2012). As the participation in CARS and sustainability initiatives gains popularity in the market, companies also gain a competitive advantage (Career Valor, 2012). Companies such as Wall-Mart are confident enough to report the environmental footprint on products it sells to prove to consumers that they are causing lesser damage annually (Hill, 2012). Furthermore, various designers such as Stella McCarty, Gap, Levis and Guess Scares have recently debuted sustainable clothing lines highlighting short-term sustainable acts (Hill, 2012). Barneys NY, a famous U. S. Retail outlet, invested in a green luxury’ campaign whereby studies found that it was well received by consumers that expressed interest in the â€Å"green themed window displays† (Hill, 2012). This shows various ways in which companies show their consumers how they are involved as well as how consumers are positively responding. It represents a relatively smaller portion of the marketplace however each step taken to help the sustainable fashion market place grow is effective (Chain ; Wong, Wong). Practicing CARS is an option and not an obligation for entities therefore it verifies that those that practice do care about their consumers and the environment therefore allowing them to improve their value to consumers, enhance their reputation and own a competitive advantage. Finally, another study showed that numerous participants mentioned the proactive measures taken by companies and how it makes a more positive impact thus practicing initiatives has a direct affect towards their purchase intentions of CEO-apparel goods (Regional, 2010), HE: Corporate persona and initiatives positively affects the purchase intention of CEO-apparel. Methodology Three hundred female university students are to participate in this research by completing a self-administered questionnaire. University students are targeted for the sample because they share similar characteristics with fashion leaders and are exposed to a variety of fashion information (Workman ; Kid, 2000). The sample for this study contained only female consumers due to previous research noting that there is a high propensity of female consumers towards fashion (Morgan ; Bristle, 2009). Additionally, research on environmentally conscious consumers has found females being more apt in supporting environmental issues (Mariner, Barnett, Balder, Nubian ; Osama, 1997, as cited in Nodding, 2003). Therefore, in order to eliminate potential sampling biases due to gender, this study utilized data only from female respondents. To guarantee reliability and validity, the large amount of samples used will better reflect reliable results. Data is collected in the Klan Valley area as this area consists of most universities as well as being convenient for the researchers, thus making it a strategic location to gather a large amount of data (Miller ; ROR, 2004). To achieve the objective of this research, non-probability sampling method was adopted, as the focus of the research is only on Generation Y assign consumers. The questions used to measure the variables were adopted from a wide range of relevant past research with the following components: 1. Price (Darker ; Freedman, 1992, as cited in Madman ; Sure, 2001; Vaudevillian ; Gradual, 2008). 2. Perceived Quality (Estimate, 1988, as cited in Joy ; Cigarillos, 2007; Sarasota, 2012). 3. Openness to innovation (Hill, 2012) 4. Socio-cultural (Bruno, Mindedness, Reid ; Yanks, 2008). 5. Corporate person and initiatives (citation) Participants were asked to rate, on a seven point Liker scale. In terms of rating scale, seven point Liker scale will be used to identify categories in the questionnaire where 1= strongly agree, 4= neither agree nor disagree, and 7= strongly disagree. According to Sigmund, Ward, Lowe, WinZip ; Bin (2007), the Liker scale is also known as a popular method to measure attitude because it is easy to administer. Data processing and analysis SPAS 18. 0 will be used for data analyses. Reliability will be estimated by using Cockroach’s coefficient alpha for all multi-item scales. Others statistical analyses are such as descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, factors statistics and associative analysis. Functions of these statistics are to reduce the sturdy sum of data matrix collected from the large array of respondents (Burns Bush, 2006). Tasks such as describing measurable characteristics for entities such as median, range, standard deviation, etc could be performed using descriptive statistics (Wally’s, 1978). According to Stephen ; Horny (1995), inferential statistic is using a one-sample test to obtain data for standard error analysis and hypothesis testing to determine population parameters. While associative analysis will determine whether the proposed variable in the report are interrelated in a logical way (Pappy ; Sequester, 2006); factor analysis will be used to describe variability among observed, correlated variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved variables (Rumen, 1970). Limitation of the research Few limitations in the research are barriers that might limit the findings of the research but overcoming these weaknesses of the study would be the direction of future research. Firstly, the research only focuses on the perceptions of the Generation Y consumer, thus not being a proper representation of the entire population of CEO-fashion consumers although this target consists of consumers that could be most interested in CEO-apparel. Studying other generational groups of consumers would further build the knowledge of consumers’ perceptions toward the CEO-fashion concept (Hill, 2011). Furthermore, the research only analyses university students within the Klan Valley area thus it may not be most applicable in terms of different cultural contexts. To elaborate, consumers react differently to prices across countries 00 Cigarillos, 2007). Compared to individualistic culture, any changes in price in a collectivist culture tend to have greater corresponding perceived laity differences. Hence, a larger sample covering other distinctive areas would be suggested to provide more accurate results (Cooper, 2005). Additionally, this study is limited in that it only covers variables such as price, perceived quality, openness to innovation, corporate person and initiatives and socio-cultural impact that influences consumers’ perceptions toward the CEO-fashion concept. The inclusion of other related features such as personality and family could also influence the consumers’ perceptions toward CEO-fashion concept. According to Fernery, Park Brandon 2005), these factors play a unique role in the perception towards fashion retailers and are especially salient in apparel purchases. Thus, further study into other influences on consumers’ perception is needed. Lastly, this research is limited as it focuses only on female respondents. Therefore, this may lead to gender bias in the results. How to cite How Are Youths’ Perceptions Contributing to Its Popularity?, Papers

Romantic Relationships With Robots and ICT Issues †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Romantic Relationships With Robots. Answer: Introduction Nowadays, several individuals might find this thought or idea very repulsive that humans love machines, however, many professionals predict that as the technology is progressing, the robots will surely become very much like humans. Considering the growth in technology and as the future unfolds, robotics and robots are going to play more roles in everyones life, for example, robots will become family caregivers, servants for performing household works and voice-enabled incarnation that manages or controls the driverless cars, manages homes, and also the entertainment systems. They will also become a life partner and humans will start falling in love with robots as well. The experts also predict that when the robots will become very much sophisticated, a large number of audacious people will enter into the informal relationships with such intelligent robots. Ethical Issue Article: In the Future, Humans Will Form Romantic Relationships With Robots An article published by Daily Mails claims that the Artificial Intelligence (AI) will permit the individuals to find out long-lived love with the humanoid robots (Rozenfeld, 2016). Robots in the future will become a perfect companion as well as eventually they even become perfect spouses. Several robotic experts predict that in the coming years, women will surely choose robots instead of men, and in the future every human being will want to be with robots and they will prefer robots to marry as compared to humans. Some men and women may even dump their spouses just for robots when they can easily afford them (Wexler, 2015). There are several movies and films in which love relationships between humans and robots have been shown. One such example of the idea or thought of human beings experiencing passionate feelings of love for robots is the movie Ex Machina (Rozenfeld, 2016). Experiencing the passionate feelings for robots is a genuine wonder. Robophilia is a statement or a term, which is ordinarily used to portray the sexual fascination in humanoid and in un-humanoid robots (Rozenfeld, 2016). Nevertheless, human beings can have feelings or emotions towards the robots for some specific reasons too, such as, non-sexual reasons. People are quite simply tricked into crediting human-like dimensions to machines or robots already. As robots go along to look more like human beings, the romance and love will be completely guaranteed to follow (Olugasa, 2013). It is just an inevitable thing that people will feel love for robots in the future. The main reason may be because, with robots, humans can choose the level as well as sort of connection they want to pursue in as the robots are created by humans or are a part of the owners own imagination. The robots will never ever go against humans unless the owner programs it like that (Nowachek, 2014). Hence, robots can most of the time be modified to never bother, to dependably react emphatically, concentrate on what humans need to discuss, be receptive to human moods as well as become ideal or perfect life partners. The relational unions or marriages amongst robots and people is just a possibility. The acknowledgment of robots as allies might be gradual to the point that individuals might not think several times before marrying them. The inconceivable steps are surely being made with the voice acknowledgment, development, route, and characteristic dialect advances. In the coming future days, th e time will surely come when computers make the human feel as they are not just machines because they have become the most important part of the human life (Rozenfeld, 2016). A test has been executed to check out the robots ability to do household tasks showed that that machine has the ability or skills to display intelligent behavior equal to the human in an indistinguishable manner (Moniz, Krings, 2016). Later on, individuals may even believe that robots are more trustworthy than humans and they may even have a feeling that a robot is closer to them as compared to their close relatives and life partner (McLean, 2011). A robot as a life partner could help to bring up a tyke and also might be capable to become an executor of anyone's will. But with all such features, robots as a life partner also bring several ethical issues. Therefore, humans need to consider a few ethical issues which are completely needed to be reasoned in this kind of relationship. The possibility of robot-human couples strolling as an inseparable unit on the roads and raising families make everyone respite and consider the potential worries with these relationships, particularly, as robots turn out to be advanced to the point that robots as a life partner are undefined from people at the very first look (Ash, 2016). There should be laws as well as regulations established for issues that might emerge later on, as this partnership between humans and robots will turn out to be more ordinary. As there has been seen a situation in the organization named Softbank, where the organization has made a friendly robot, which incorporated a provision in its possession contract that states the utilizing of the robots for sexual objectives breaks is concord. In actuality, nonetheless, there is something that an organization can surely do if the client breaks any of the clauses of the agreement (Rozenfeld, 2016). There is a lot that has not yet been made sense about the morals required in these connections. The center issue is a settled or deterministic calculation framework in which there is no haphazardness included that supports a machine's reaction. Regardless of the possibility that a non-deterministic crossover machine-learning system is concocted, later on, at least it still comes behind the calculation' s choice (Gerndt, Seifert, Baltes, Sadeghnejad, Behnke, 2015). As it were, robots can never genuinely think and subsequently never really cherish. Intelligence is simple to bend than the soul. Notwithstanding, there are several people who for some reasons really trust that they in return will attain lots of love from machines. There are several studies or reports in which individuals have announced "feeling adored" by mechanical companions or robots. People can definitely choose the type of robot with which to shape a connection as well as the variables like pheromones along with other human-just choices that attract individuals to others. People will have the capacity to modify their own particular robot partners (Herold, 2010). From the very start, they can make an accomplice to their details. Pheromones and fragrance markers can be the additional items to any robot. The human goals differ generally so they can hope to see robots in different sizes, statures, skin shading, and facial elements (Johnson, 2012). Conclusion This study concludes that the robot partners can be the ideal mates who never indicates fatigue and are oblivious. Robots will dependably be the concentration as well as the centerpiece of the humans reality as they never have to stress about them being unfaithful and going off or far away, since reliability and being steadfast will be installed into the robot's programming. It has been concluded that the robots are the tools, however, they are the apparatuses that many times hold a meaningful thing for human beings and also interact with humans. As a mechanical technology and self-ruling frameworks prosper, the human-robot connections are ending up noticeably being progressive and essential in a manner through which human beings associate as well as control the innovation, from the self-driving autos to the sex robots. The way innovations are planned, the robots can be used to provide required services or make new issues. References Ash, C. (2016). Humans and mites: A love story.Science,351(6271), 351-351. Gerndt, R., Seifert, D., Baltes, J., Sadeghnejad, S., Behnke, S. (2015). Humanoid Robots in Soccer: Robots Versus Humans in RoboCup 2050.IEEE Robotics Automation Magazine,22(3), 147-154. Herold, D. (2010). Imperfect Use? ICT Provisions and Human Decisions: An Introduction to the Special Issue on ICT Adoption and User Choices.The Information Society,26(4), 243-246. Johnson, C. (2012). CHARM: Cooperation of Humans and Robots for Mars - Final Report.SSRN Electronic Journal. McLean, A. (2011). Ethical frontiers of ICT and older users: cultural, pragmatic and ethical issues.Ethics And Information Technology,13(4), 313-326. Moniz, A., Krings, B. (2016). Robots Working with Humans or Humans Working with Robots? Searching for Social Dimensions in New Human-Robot Interaction in Industry.Societies,6(3), 23. Nowachek, M. (2014). Why Robots Can't Become Racist, and Why Humans Can.Phaenex,9(1), 57. Olugasa, O. (2013). ICT for Criminal Justice System in Nigeria and Ethical Considerations.SSRN Electronic Journal. Rozenfeld, M. (2016).In the Future, Humans Will Form Romantic Relationships With Robots - IEEE - The Institute.Theinstitute.ieee.org. Retrieved 12 May 2017, from https://theinstitute.ieee.org/ieee-roundup/members/achievements/in-the-future-humans-will-form-romantic-relationships-with-robots Wexler, M. (2015). Robots help humans defeat robots.Trends In Cognitive Sciences,5(12), 512. Rozenfeld, M. (2016).In the Future, Humans Will Form Romantic Relationships With Robots - IEEE - The Institute.Theinstitute.ieee.org. Retrieved from: https://theinstitute.ieee.org/ieee-roundup/members/achievements/in-the-future-humans-will-form-romantic-relationships-with-robots

Video Vixens free essay sample

The authors views of music videos and the hip hop commitment is sexist. She makes points on hose hip-hop in general degrades woman and demoralizes them in a derogatory way. I would like to touch base on the same subject matter but shed light In a different point of view. What the author lacked Is a first hand pollen of woman who actually do this for a living, and try to understand where they are coming from?. From my point of view music motivates people everyday in deferent ways.When I sites to the different music and watch music video produced by different artists; It gets me excited to see how these videos show a variety of lifestyles. Most of the time these rappers come from broken homes and really dont know right from wrong. As these new upcoming artist get older and find there calling they are heavily influenced by other rappers and there environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Video Vixens or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I feel you can only write music from a first hand bases and what you know Is what you write.McMullen states Unless women agree to compromise their truth and self-respect, and unity with other women and instead play dutiful daughter to the phallus the represents hip-hop culture. They will be targeted , slandered, or ignored (215). Nowadays these women that are what we call Video Vixens are actually using this as a career path and in professional means. They choose to take this route to fame because they see it as artistic. And are getting paid to move up in life bringing their families who once lived in poverty with them to this new lavish life style.These woman dont worry about bills, they drive nice cars, and most Importantly provide for their families. Most of these Video Vixens are considered models and what they do in music videos is artistic and tasteful. Now to the authors hip-hop music videos are degrading to women but its her opinion. McMullen states, Unlike men, women in hip-hop dont speak in a collective voice In defense of themselves. The pressure of women to be hyper-feminine and hyper sexual for the pleasure of men, and the constant threat to being called a pitch, a ho- or worse, a Dyke (215).Also we have take into consideration this article was written more then 7 years ago and so much has changed in the industry including respect for women. Which have put as much work as the men in the music industry. I feel music videos and the hip-hop culture has come a long way from where It started. These people that represent the hip-hop community are artist and are making music the only way they know how. These artists have a huge support system especially from there fan base which sometimes consist of millions of people.When these artist popularity explodes they are immediately signed by a record label. Because they will make these companies OFF and takes hard work and dedication. Most people see these artist partying but in-fact hey are working twice as hard to keep making music to stay on top. They are also promoting themselves and actually trying to get there music out there for people to hear. I am sure that they have a fear of losing it all so they try to enjoy the fame as much as possible.I wouldnt blame the music business for women looking as though they are being degraded ,women are also at fault for putting themselves in that position. What I mean by this is, one woman ruins it for the rest of them because she does in appropriate things to get to the top while others are extremely professional. Most of these woman fall short and put themselves down by engaging in behaviors that would degrade them to get monetary benefits and fame. If women came together and really put a stop to it they would!.McMullen states, If the terms for winning are the objectification of black women and girls, I wonder if any females were at the table when the deal went down. Did we agree to be euthanized, vilified , made invisible? (216). Remember we are talking about grown woman that have the mental capacity to think for themselves and have a choice. The truth is these women perform in these ideas because they want to express themselves artistically in a way the general public wouldnt understand. What I feel the author lacks experience because she did not grow up in their environment.So many poor people who are artistically talented make music and gain popularity. They dont have to do the things they once did to provide for their families as selling drugs, gambling or even participating in gang affiliations. This environment of drugs and gangs is a vicious cycle that has been implemented in there brains; since as far as they can remember. The music industry is there only way out because some never graduate high school or even go to college. And have no means of one day obtaining fame any other way.The truth is most of rappers video vixens in this day in age are highly intelligent. McMullen states But female hip-hop artist remain marginalia within the industry and culture except when they are trotted out to defend hip-hop against feminist criticism. But the truth is, all kinds of patriarchal institutions, organizations, and movements have women in their ranks in search of power and meaning. The token presence of individual women changes nothing if women as a group are still scapegoat and degraded (215).Because of people like McMullen artist and women arent respected for there artist views and expressions. And I feel it is sad that the general population put them down and challenges their intellectual capacities. If most rappers are ignorant as they say then why isnt everyone rich or famous?. We can even go into the people producing this hip-hop music its extremely hard to make music that appeals to everyone. All the obstacles that these men and omen go through to make it in the industry while getting put down all the time should be respected.I feel that people truly dont understand them and always Judge without knowing where they came from and what they been through. I would like to conclude this in a way people will understand where these real artists fame especially in highly competitive environment such as a music industry which is consenting changing and adapting. I feel maybe the author should get first hand experience from the women that put themselves out there and ask why they are doing what they are doing.

Desperate Air Corporation Essay Example

Desperate Air Corporation Essay Example Desperate Air Corporation Essay Desperate Air Corporation Essay There are a number of facts, consequences and the stakeholders that are critical to the decision process. If the radioactive waste was to be disclosed, the sales negotiation would most likely terminate, DACCA will likely go bankrupt which will result in termination of all employees. The Florida Department of Health and Florida Department of Environmental Protection regulate medical waste and require strict handling proper disposal. As result, specialized medical waste cleanup effort needs to be incurred by the property owner at a big expense. The article states that Florida law does not require the disclosure of hazardous substances on commercial property so long as there hasnt been a fraudulent misstatement about the condition of the repertory; however Nash was asked by the Fledgling representative Anything I should know about? The consequences to non-disclosure are potential lawsuit to clean up the medical waste and/or Invalidate the sales transaction. Fledgling will be building a retirement facility with walking trails and outdoor recreational space. Radioactive land could have devastating effects on Its future residence health, In addition contaminate the surrounding communitys well/ground water. There are multiple ethical values In question, the key values are honesty Integrity to ensure full disclosure to Fledgling ND the responsibility to DACCA and Its employees. There Is also a social responsibility to safe guard the environment and to ensure the community Is unharmed by the radioactive waste. Annas fiduciary obligation Is to his company but also an obligation to Fledgling for truth In negotiation. Once the radioactive medical waste was uncovered, a social obligation to the community was created. Putting myself In Annas shoes, however, the most Important obligation Is my character and Integrity. Creditability Is critical for a successful business transaction. After weighting all actors, I concluded that honesty and Integrity should address all obligations, and hopefully seal the deal. Desperate Air Corporation By assumes long as there hasnt been a fraudulent misstatement about the condition of the up the medical waste and/or invalidate the sales transaction. Fledgling will be could have devastating effects on its future residence health, in addition contaminate the surrounding communitys well/ground water. There are multiple ethical values in question, the key values are honesty integrity to ensure full disclosure to Fledgling and the responsibility to DACCA and its employees. There is also a social responsibility to safe guard the environment and to ensure the community is unharmed by the radioactive waste. Annas fiduciary obligation is to his company but also an obligation to Fledgling for truth in negotiation. Once the radioactive medical waste was uncovered, a social obligation to the community was created. Putting myself in Annas shoes, however, the most important obligation is my character and integrity. Creditability is critical for a successful business transaction. After weighting all factors, I concluded that honesty and integrity should address all obligations, and

Caring For Those Left Behind

The Ignited States of America is a nation that has been fighting two wars on two fronts for thirteen years. With an all-volunteer force, our nations military is made up of brave men and women from all walks of life, brought together for one common goal; the safety of our nation. However, with this desire for safety also comes sacrifice, and not in the way that most people think of when they think Of our military members.I am referring to those who are left behind when a service member packs a bag and heads for a foreign land. The spouses, children, parents, and other dependents of these men and women. A life like no other Being a dependent of a service member is a task that the majority of the American population will never take on. The stress that these family members go though can be both physical and psychological, due to factors including deployment cycles, long and unpredictable duty hours, relocations, and living in a foreign country (Padded Poses, 2013). Frequent moves that military families go through can lead to a loss of a support network.The process of having to start over every few years and find a new job, make new friends while leaving old ones and leaving everything familiar behind can take a huge toll on a person. In addition, family separations, even short ones, can leave a military spouse to report feelings of loneliness. If there is a child at home, this spouse is now effectively a single parent. Deployments to war zones can bring a whole new dimension of stress to the family left behind, s their loved one now faces the risk of serious injury or death (Padded Poses, 2013).How are medical professionals, who may or may not have first- hand experience with this unique lifestyle, to adjust the care that is given this portion of the population? Care Enough to Ask While most spouses and family members of service members receive on- base medical services, there are those that are seen in civilian facilities. Families of members of reserve units more often than not live too far from a military facility, so they will seek care in the local community.As healthcare providers, it is important to ask about military affiliation and where in the deployment cycle (past, current or future) a family may be. In addition, it is important to ask questions about the service member themselves. Asking these questions can give a provider insight into stress levels, sleep quality and self-care. If symptoms Of anxiety or depression are present, further screening can be recommended. This line of questioning lets the patient know that you care enough to ask. From here, additional support can be offered when deed. Assessing the mental status of the patient can be crucial to providing proper care. In a study of National Guard spouses, 34% met the criteria for one or more mental health problems including depression, suicide ideation, and hazardous alcohol use. (Padded Poses, 2013). This means that more than one out of 4 spouses of the 1. 1 million military spouses have had what could be considered a mental health emergency. Another area of concern is the coping mechanisms the spouse is currently using to deal with the stress and separation.Everything from financial situation, level of communication, level of familial dysfunction and age of the spouse can give indication of the level of coping skills said spouse possesses. Taking a full history and asking questions pertaining to these areas of concern can assist a provider in making proper recommendations. Once all necessary information has been collected, the provider can then assist the spouse with support groups, coping skills, and stress management. Recommendations can be made with regards to self-care.Getting enough leap can be an all important factor in self-care, as a lack Of sleep can worsen any mental state. This combined with poor nutrition, a lack of exercise and a consumption of alcohol or other mind altering substances can have disastrous results, especially to one already suffering from stress. Every encounter with a military spouse is a chance for education on how to maintain proper self-care, health and well-being. Reflection Many good points are made in this article on how to help the families of military members. As this may be a situation that have not all dealt with, it s good to have a guideline to go by. Eel that more light needs to be brought to this unique situation. In addition, more guidance needs to be given to providers on how to deal with family members of service members who have returned with mental injuries, as well as physical ones. Dealing with a spouse with mental health issues can be just as challenging, if not more so, than caring for one with visible wounds. Conclusion Any family separation can bring about anxiety, but a separation due to a deployment of a loved one to a war zone can present multifaceted healthcare deeds by those left behind.

Gemini Telescope And The Supernova Legacy Survey Essay

Gemini Telescope And The Supernova Legacy Survey - Essay Example The Gemini telescope has been used by the partner countries as a tool of astronomical research. It provides world-class observing equipment of the skies for the astronomers. Each country in the partnership is awarded observational time depending on the scientific merit and contribution towards the operation of the machine. The telescopes incorporate advanced technology in order to produce high quality of images. This includes the use of adaptive optics, laser guide stars, multi-object spectroscopy, and multi-conjugate adaptive optics. In addition, the telescope is made using a silver coating that is essential for the protection of the primary and secondary mirror. The location of the telescopes provides superb viewing conditions of the sky. The telescope system has low emissivity coatings and an effective mirror cleaning program. These enable the machine to pick clear images. Each Gemini telescope has an adaptive optics setup further adding to the quality of images that the center captures. The telescopes can perform long-slit spectroscopy, multi-object spectroscopy, integral field spectroscopy and imaging at optical wavelengths. Infrared optimization and silver coating allow clear observations at the middle of the infrared spectrum. Proximity to infrared spectrograph boosts the sensitivity for point object and sources. The instrument is also known as a Multi-Conjugate optics adaptive system. It employs five guide stars to provide clarity over a large area captured. The guide stars are artificially made by laser (Simons 123). A fundamental discovery that has been made by the Gemini Observatory telescope is a multi-planet system around a star. Images from the Gemini observatory helped the international team to discover two of the planets in the year 2007 (Howell 1191).

The Consequences of Alcohol Abuse in Seminole County Florida Research Paper

The Consequences of Alcohol Abuse in Seminole County Florida - Research Paper Example Etiology, Prevalence and Effect of the Alcohol Abuse in the Nation and in the Seminole County Florida The Etiology of the Alcohol Abuse The alcohol abuse is commonly recognized as a medical problem. The exact reason behind the alcohol abuse is yet not confirmed. Alcohol abuse is also known as alcoholism and it basically rises due to the surroundings and the alcohol practices in the family or friends. But in most of the cases, the reason behind alcoholism is a psychiatric problem such as, depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, isolation, poverty, and shyness among others. The other reason for alcohol abuse can be the acceptance and the desire to feel the same outcomes repeatedly due to the alcohol intake (HelpGuide, 2011). Prevalence of Alcohol Abuse According to the survey among the students of Florida in 2006, it was noticed that 58.4% students have tested alcohol at least once in their life time. The report also stated that the rate of consumption of alcohol among the studen ts of the middle school was 40.4% and for the students of the high school the rate was 72.0%. Comparing this report with the 2010 statistics, it was observed that the usage of alcohol is relatively lower than the year 2006. The statistics for the Seminole County students have revealed that prevalence of indulgent drinking reduced by 1.5% points among the students of middle school and among the ‘high school students’ the reduction was 3.4% points. This survey was done in relation to the youth of Florida and their alcohol habits (Florida Department of Children & Families, 2006; Florida Department of Children & Families, 2010). The Effects of Alcohol Abuse on the Health of the Nation The effects of the alcohol abuse have a huge impact on the health of the nation. The economy of a country gets affected by the cost for alcoholism. Alcohol abuse creates problems in the families worldwide, and it also affects the country and its economy. The families of the sufferer spend a lo t for the diseases caused by the alcohol abuse. A survey in the US says that the cost for drunk driving is wasting a considerable part of the economy of the country, also many people died due to such act. The other affect on the nation is the social and the medical cost for the alcohol abuse, as alcoholism can damage the society and its properties. Even in the workplace the alcohol abused employees affect the environment of the office. And the organization also generally has to pay the medical cost for the alcohol abused employee. Not only the costs, the alcoholism also affects the employment and the job potential. Due to the alcoholism an employee can harm the process of a work in the work place. The increase in alcoholism would increase the violence in the society. Alcohol abuse has become a threat to the nation all over the world (MacPherson, 2007). The Aggregate Population at Risk Alcoholism or alcohol abuse is a problem which involves not only a particular group of people rathe r affects almost everyone in the society. Alcoholism is a threat to the society and it includes the users as well as the non users of alcohol. In a particular society the effect of alcoholism is active for the dependent users and the effect is passive for the non users. Whenever a person drinks heavily his or her family, friends, and child get affected. When a person is

The Virtuous Beings Essay Example for Free

The Virtuous Beings Essay Modern society glorifies people for much pettier accomplishments when compared to that of the ancient times. During the twenty-first century, a convicted felon may come back after serving a prison sentence and present himself as a figure of perfection. Less than five years ago, a football player, named Michael Vick was arrested and convicted of illegal actions involving the maltreatment of domesticated animals. Shortly after serving his sentence, he was once again beloved by his fans and rewarded with a phenomenal contract which would be worth wild in any corresponding lifetime. Looking at these examples, it’s easy to see how corrupted society is today. In the ancient world, their society was very more virtuous. Because of the different virtues of the time, it took a great deal more to become a public idol to the people. Virtuous figures from the ancient world are Gilgamesh, Abraham, Moses, and Odysseus. Gilgamesh, a seemingly corrupt leader, later embarks on a humbling journey which helps him to discover the true meaning of life; Moses, an honest and patient man, has his true values highlighted as God chooses him to lead his people out of captivity; Abraham, an apparent commonplace man, is presented as a bold individual who is not afraid to prove his allegiance to God; and Odysseus is a prime example of a hero in the ancient world who has his own ups and downs during a dangerous and eventful journey back home to the people he has always loved. When connecting Ma 2 a figure like Gilgamesh to the likes of a movie actor of modern society, it is impossible to ignore the contrast in inherent virtues of the people of the time. As Gilgamesh begins, Gilgamesh is actually quite the opposite of virtuous – he is a lust-driven, oppressive ruler who exercises harsh and immoral will upon his people. However, Gilgamesh’s progression towards becoming a virtuous individual is evident almost immediately as he becomes a companion of his ex-adversary, Enkidu. In fact, Gilgamesh and Enkidu go on to complete several tasks together; tasks that neither of them would have accomplished without one another. Similarly, Gilgamesh again proves his drastic change in character as he rejects Ishtar, a longing prostitute. Although Ishtar promises Gilgamesh a life of pleasure and riches, he responds by asking Ishtar â€Å"†¦how would it go for me? † (Gilgamesh, 24). Gilgamesh is reminding Ishtar that her past lovers had found her â€Å"like a brazier which smoulders in the cold, a backlight which keeps out neither squall of wind nor storm† (Gilgamesh, 24), emphasizing that Ishtar’s previous husbands had all received poor treatment from her. This signifies how much Gilgamesh’s character has changed. If he held the same ethics as before, he would have accepted Ishtar’s offer without hesitation. However, he is becoming a much more virtuous individual with greater concerns than mere self-gratification. Soon, Gilgamesh has even built a nice city for his people, abandoning his glory, wealth, and power to become a better individual. He is no longer self-indulged, and the death of his close friend Enkidu has truly humbled him. On a quest to find the secret to immortality, Gilgamesh realizes that what he should actually be seeking is to become a better king to his people and a more virtuous individual in general. Gilgamesh uses his new wisdom to create a legacy for himself, serving as a prime example that the ancient times required much more from an individual to be certified as virtuous. Ma 3 Similarly, the Bible presents a series of examples which emphasize the difference in modern virtues from the virtues of the ancient world. Specifically, in the book of Genesis, God tells Abraham to â€Å"take his only son, and offer him as a burnt offering on one of the mountains† (Genesis 22. 2:3). Proving his undeniable allegiance to God, Abraham leads his only son to the mountain and builds an altar for sacrifice. Right before Abraham was going to strike his son, an angel of the Lord interrupted, telling him not to lay his hands on his son, and then added â€Å"because you have done this, I will indeed bless you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Genesis 22. 16). Because of Abraham’s blatant devotion to the Lord, he is rewarded with a blessing and a promise to make his offspring â€Å"as numerous of the stars of heaven† (Genesis 22. 17). Abraham’s display of loyalty is significant as anyone who would do this in the modern world would certainly be deemed insane rather than allegiant, further emphasizing the difference in virtues today to that of the ancient world. Another example in the Bible may be seen as Moses is chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of virtue. The fact that God chose Moses, an unassuming and ordinary figure of the time, proves that the leaders of the ancient times were not famous, good looking, or wealthy like the leaders of today. In fact, Moses is even described as having a speech impediment. Despite his uncertainty, Moses put everything aside and did what God told him to do and fulfilled his calling to lead the Israelites out of captivity. After Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, a close-knit community was formed, and the people and God would agree on a covenant. This covenant was very closely followed and viewed as a necessity to live a virtuous life. Although Christians still live the same covenant with God today, it is much less closely followed than it was during the ancient times. Ma 4 Finally, The Odyssey is another telling example which helps to differentiate the virtues of the ancient times to today. In The Odyssey, Odysseus, the king of Ithaca, has been trying to find his way home for twenty years. Ever since the beginning of his trip, Odysseus is introduced as a strong and authoritative figure. However, his journey is filled with temptation, and Odysseus does give in at times. This may be seen when Odysseus chooses to sleep with Circe, despite his yearning to return home to his wife Penelope. This is the complete opposite of a virtuous deed, and it does not go unnoticed. Calypso, a nymph who falls in love with Odysseus, takes note of the disparity among the gods. She is fairly irritated by the fact that male gods may sleep with mortal lovers, while the affairs of the female gods are considered unacceptable, as Calypso describes by saying, â€Å"you hate it when we choose to lie with men† (Odyssey, 281). This emphasizes the double standard among the gods – even in the ancient times, outsiders could see how wrong it was to have a love affair; Calypso is helping to point out the prevalent awareness of equality of the time. Although Odysseus is looked upon as a heroic figure, his immoral actions are highlighted and criticized. In modern society, many public figures would instead have their abrasive actions swept under the rug. After reflecting upon the examples of the ancient world, it becomes clear that there is a wide division between ancient and modern views of what to expect from a human being. In the modern world, simply being wealthy or famous would allow a person to share in the immunity of a God in the ancient world. Today, greed plays a large part in the outcome of everything. Unlike in Gilgamesh, mortality does not change people for the better; instead, people become more self-centered. As a result, today’s society has become just as savage as students read about in books Ma 5 about prehistoric times. Modern life may be compared to a popularity contest, whereas in the ancient world, individuals were required to make names for themselves. It’s no wonder why the people we read about such as Gilgamesh and Moses are viewed as fables or myths; nowadays, only a handful of people may be classified as anything close to their status. In the modern world, these people are praised and worshiped because there are no others quite like them. It should be made a point to try to work toward having a community full of people like Gandhi and Gilgamesh instead of having a society which only looks up to them. This way, society would be able to present a more accurate depiction of a community which aspires to be virtuous.

War from the 16th Century to the Invention of Gunpowder Essay -- Artil

War from the 16th Century to the Invention of Gunpowder The invention of the powerful artillery guns would change man’s role in warring engagements. The artillery guns at first were very limited by their own design. The guns were very heavy and had to be transported by water, which meant that only towns and fortresses that were close to a body of water could be attacked with artillery also known as the cannon. There were also some fortresses that were impervious to the early cannon attacks based on strong designs or natural defenses. The French were able to penetrate the round shaped castles and large walls during the late 1400s by using concentrated fire of several small guns instead of a few large ones. A new design of smaller walls that were built in uneven lines, like a star shape, was implemented to strengthen the area called crownworks or hornworks. Other modifications of new designs included lower and thicker walls, gun towers that projected at an angle, intervals of guns for fields of fire, wide and deep ditches, and pillboxes. Of course with the new design of castles came new ways to attack. Some effective ways to attack these castles, but also rare ways to attack, were by surprise, by storm, or by treachery. The most common way to attack the castles were long term engagements that consisted of either surrounding the castle or getting in close enough that the castles guns would be ranged over the position. The long-term methods consisted of starving out the population, forcing surrender, or by mining and bombardment from close range. The use of firepower also began to put an end to the use of headlong charges and hand-to-hand combat during the Renaissance years. The differences between firearms and the bow were obscene at the beginning of the rifle’s evolution. An archer could accurately hit a target at lengths of 200 meters and discharge ten arrows a minute, whereas the arquebus, or rifleman, only had accuracy at 100 meters and took several minutes to reload. Although the new weapons at primacy did not have the accuracy or the range of the bow, the Italians immediately implemented them into their arsenals. The greatest advantage of the early rifles was that the weapon could be mastered in a matter of months, but it could take up to ten years to master the bow. Eventually the muskets overtook the battlefield, replacing t... ...rength of China laid in the overwhelming amounts of personnel serving in the armed forces. Japan made quick use of the new weapons, but concentration was not focused on rapid reloading. The Japanese put more training into accuracy and developed the volley in order to maintain a succession of well-aimed shots. The castles of Japan were also modified to sustain against any type of horizontal attack. The walls were built in front of the hills and backed strongly by the earth. Once stability was restored the Japanese empire began a phase of demilitarization by outlawing guns, tearing down fortifications of defeated enemies, and forbidding books concerning military matters. In both empires of the Far East, sieges were made by mass assaults, mining, or blockades rather than by bombardment. WORKS CITED Parker, Geoffrey. The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West 1500-1800. (Cambridge, United Kingdom:Cambridge University Press, 1996). Chap 1-4 Preston, Richard A., Alex Roland, and Sydney F. Wise. Men In Arms: A History of Warfare and its interrelationships With Western Society. (Belmont, California:Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning, 2001). Chap 8

Well Hello There!

Dialogue (Feelings through words) Dialogue is one of the most powerful attributes an author can use while writing a story. It is a conversation between characters in a drama or narrative. Also, it’s the lines or passages in a script that are intended to be spoken. The use of this gives the reader the belief that they are part of the story. It is used throughout stories to convey the feeling of emotions.Writers use expressions in their writing to suggest that the character(s) are having some sort of inner feeling happening Whether it be from the author inserting some of his/her own words or the character talking, this technique gives the story more of a fluent feeling. With the story â€Å"A Conversation with My Father,† dialogue is used sufficiently throughout the reading. This is a literary work written in the form of a conversation. This conveys that this conversation between daughter and father is continuously arguing about a topic.In the story â€Å"A Good Man is H ard to Find,† dialogue is used in the way so the reader visualizes what the characters are talking about. Dialogue contributes to the overall story to keep the reader in and aware of the moods the characters are experiencing; it shows the true meaning behind the belief of the imagination. An exchange of ideas or opinions. Dialogue is a big contribution to the overall reading. It shows the inner linings of a story. In the story â€Å"A Conversation with My Father,† the dialogue is shown in the text through the talks between father and daughter.When the daughter says â€Å"I say, yes, why not? That’s possible. I want to please him, though I don’t remember her writing that way. I would like to try to tell such a story, if he means the kind that points which I’ve always despised (Poley 1096). † What the author does for this sequence of writing is the use of expression in the text. Even though this is writing on paper, the belief of emotion is see n. The daughter says â€Å"I say, Yes, Why not? That’s possible; the author wanted to convey the use of excitement and persuasion of the character and transfer that to the reader.Dialogue is shown in many ways. In â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the author wants the reader to experience the story through the life and views of the Grandmother. She tried to convince her family to take a vacation to east Tennessee instead of Florida. Shown in the text, â€Å"The Grandmother didn’t want to go to Florida; she wanted to go to visit some of her connections in east Tennessee and she was seizing at every chance to change Bailey’s mind (O’Connor 1042). † The author shows you the want and the need of the grandmother to get to east Tennessee.In the eyes of the reader, the use of the text to show the emotion of the grandmother is nothing short of excitement. The Grandmother is excited to start the trip. For example, â€Å"The next morning the grandm other was the first one in the car, ready to go. She had her big black valise that looked like the head of a hippopotamus in one corner, and underneath it she was hiding a basket with Pitty Sing, the cat, in it (O’Connor 1042). † When it comes to the two stories relevance to each other; Dialogue is the link between them.Dialogue is used through-out both stories to make sure the reader understands what is going on in the story. The characters in the stories show their personalities, self-beings, and their love for one another (family wise). In â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the family shows their love for each other and their personalities through the dialogue used by the author. The Grandmother starts to tell a story while the family is on the road trip. In â€Å"A Conversation with My Father,† the daughter and father have a relationship that is rocky.The use of subtext by the author shows a conversation between daughter and father. â€Å"Once in my t ime there was a woman and she had a son. They lived nicely, in a small apartment in Manhattan. This boy at about fifteen became a junkie, which is not unusual in our neighborhood. In order to maintain her close friendship with him, she became a junkie too. She said it was part of the youth culture, with which she felt very much at home. After a while, for a number of reasons, the boy gave it all up and left the city and his mother in disgust.Hopeless and alone, she grieved. We all visit her (Paley 1096). † This quote from the story represents the dialogue used by the author to convey a conversation being had between the father and the daughter. With this quote being in the story, the reader feels as if they are in the conversation too. The daughter and the father show their belief and love for one another even if their relationship is not the best. The father will always be her father and the daughter will always be his daughter.In Conclusion, Dialogue is one of the most power ful attributes an author can use while writing a story. It is a conversation between characters in a drama or narrative. Also, it’s the lines or passages in a script that are intended to be spoken. It is a powerful tool that the author uses to show the personalities and the beliefs of the characters in the writing through words. The use of this gives the reader the belief that they are part of the story. It is used throughout stories to convey the feeling of emotions.Writers use expressions in their writing to suggest that the character(s) are having some sort of inner feeling happening Whether it be from the author inserting some of his/her own words or the character talking, this technique gives the story more of a fluent feeling. With the story â€Å"A Conversation with My Father,† dialogue is used sufficiently throughout the reading. This is a literary work written in the form of a conversation. This conveys that this conversation between daughter and father is con tinuously arguing about a topic.In the story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† dialogue is used in the way so the reader visualizes what the characters are talking about. Dialogue contributes to the overall story to keep the reader in and aware of the moods the characters are experiencing; it shows the true meaning behind the belief of the imagination. An exchange of ideas or opinions. Works Cited O'Connor, Flannery. A Good Man is Hard to Find. 8th ed. Boston, New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999. 1042-53. Print. Paley, Grace. A Conversation with My Father. 8th ed. Boston, New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999. 1096-1099. Print.

International Business Case Study Essay

The first question: how has the globalization of market benefited IKEA? The globalization of market refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace. Falling barriers to cross-border trade have more easier to sell internationally, so it is easier for IKEA to grow into a global cult brand with 230 stores in 33countries and have 5 suppliers of the frames in Europe, plus 3 in the United States and two in China. Because a fewer barriers to cross-border trade. IKEA can easily to open a store in other countries. the second question: how has the globalization of production benefited IKEA? The globalization of production refers to sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of productions, IKEA did a good job, in order to reduce the cost of cotton slipcovers, IKEA has concentrated production in four core suppliers in China. The resulting efficiencies from these global sourcing decisions enabled IKEA to reduce the price of the Klippen by some 40 present between 1995 and2005, because in China we have cheaper labour and lower price of source, it will reduce the cost of production in IKEA, thereby allow IKEA to compete more effectively. What does the IKEA story teach you about the limits of treating the entire world as single integrated global marketplace? In my opinion, every country is unique and has different cultures. If the strategies to provide low price of product offer a company must identify what and which factor that can bring the lowest cost in term of labour, transportation, materials and so on. IKEA first discovered in the early1990s. The company found that its European-style offerings. However, it didn’t always resonatewith American consumers. Because of this reason, IKEA has redesigned its US offerings appeal to American consumers, which has resulted in stronger sales. It is obvious that tastes and preference play an important role in the globalization market. Also, since not everyone had a car, IKEA ensured that their stores were located near public transport.

Warren Electric Essays - Power Engineering, Avnet, Premier Farnell

Warren Electric Essays - Power Engineering, Avnet, Premier Farnell Warren Electric The electronic distribution industry is one of the fastest growing and changing industries right now. One of the problems right now is that the industry is going into a direction that it has never been before. Massive acquisitions and mergers are causing a slight problem right now in this industry. One example of this is when three years ago the Cleveland-based Premier Industrial Corp was bought out by Farnell electronics plc of Britain. This company saw itself struggle with many problems spawned by falling share prices, a major CEO's departure, and declining sales. Many of these problems had to do with the logistics of major corporations merging (Srikonda, 1999). Another problem is that there was a sales slump in the industrial electronics industry in the third quarter of 1998. Sales during this quarter rose seven percent, but manufacturers ordered less than the previous year. According to the Electronic Industries Alliance, sales began to slow during the spring and the trade group expected industrial sales to be flat for the year (Brack, 1999). The fourth quarter seems to be questionable depending on what companies you are looking at. Avnet, Inc. announced disappointing performance for their forth quarter and Arrow Electronics announced that fourth quarter earnings will be below analysts expectations. Kent Electronics and VEBA Electronics Inc. both had increased sales for the forth quarter (Walter, 1999). Warren Electric seems to have jumped into the acquisition game with full force. Warren Electric's latest acquisition was in 1997 when Warren purchased Watson Electric Company. Watson Electric joins Warren Electric Group's existing Warren Electric Company, Warren Electric Telecommunications-Utility Company, Warren Electric of Louisiana, Warren Electric of Texas, Warren del Caribe and Thompson Real Estate (warrenelectric.com). There are many suggestions that could be given to Warren Electric. One suggestion is that they need to be careful of the huge logistics problem that exists when acquisitions occur. Sales areas and integrated supply procedures could very well contradict each other in this ever-changing environment. Warren Electric needs to focus on their core competencies and increase value-added services to their customers if they expect to remain competitive in the electronic distribution field.

SPSS Quantitative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SPSS Quantitative Research - Essay Example Country’s GDP per Capita significantly predicts Education Expenditure per Capita,  ÃŽ ² = .967,  t(46) = 25.64,  p   GDP can be divided into four classes as low income, low middle income, middle income, and high income. In addition, there are six world regions as Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America. Figure 2 shows the GDP classes for all six-world regions. From figure 2, it can be seen that most of the high income GDP class country’s are in Europe and most of the low income GDP class country’s are in Africa and Asia. The main concern regarding the outcome of Chi-square Dependence test is that all cells have expected count less than 5. Therefore, to overcome this concern GDP classes should be divided in lesser group such as low income and high income and similarly, the world region should be divided in lesser region. By doing this, excepted count will be greater in all cells. The average total population growth is about 1.5% per annum (SD = 1.3% per annum) with half of the total population growth is below 1.3% per annum. The most common total population growth is about 1.7% per annum. The range of total population growth is 7.9% per annum with -0.2% per annum being minimum and 7.7% per annum being maximum. The distribution of the total population growth is skewed to right (skewness = 1.92) that is also confirmed by histogram (figure 3) and boxplot (figure 4) of the total population growth. Since the distribution is heavily skewed, the best measure of location and dispersion of total population growth is median (1.3% per annum) and Interquartile range (1.8% per annum). The average

Mill on Repression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mill on Repression - Essay Example Moreover, his individuality must be nurtured instead of hampered. This idea greatly affects his belief that social repression must be thwarted. This paper intends to look deeper into the ideas of Mill in order to understand further why he is so against social repression and to examine further the differences between social and political repression. As mentioned earlier, Mill strongly believes in individuality. Consequently, he also has considerable confidence in diversity. As human beings, each of us have differences and such differences often make us differ in tastes, opinions, interests and other important characteristics and traits. For Mill, such differences should be encouraged instead of stopped. He is against uniformity because this thwarts the expression of one’s unique attributes. As a result, uniformity encourages a few people to stand out because they take courage in being different however, ultimately, the numbered few will rise to rule over the uniform others. Suc h system eventually leads to other social problems such as political repression, tyranny, racism and sexism. On the contrary, when individual attributes are to be encouraged, there would be no uniformity but diversity. Diversity results to individualism which in turn inspires being informed. Information is very important in improving one’s self. As they say, knowledge is power. ... Whereas when there is uniformity, those who are able to access important information tend to keep it to themselves so that they will be the only ones to benefit from the knowledge. In addition, the numbered few who tend to rise when there is uniformity often alter information fed on the bigger percentage of the population so that they are deceived to believe that they are well-informed. This leads to tyranny because the misinformed public tends to trust the stronger majority. Consequently, people can be transformed to puppets who will simply obey what is asked of them. People will be dictated by a few individuals who are able to control the information being told and they will in turn ‘mere industrious sheep’ who will simply obey orders without questioning. This again can lead to abuses such as what was witnessed in the relationship between the Black slaves and the White masters during the recent century. Through social repression, the Blacks were made to believe that th ey are mere objects who were supposed to serve their White masters. However, as social beings, the Blacks came to learn that they, too, can have the liberty the Whites are enjoying and that they can also have their own lands by doing lesser jobs compared to when they are yet slaves. For decades, there have been no Blacks who excelled in art, music or other professions because they have been deprived of opportunities and information. This is the very reason why Mill is against social repression. He is afraid that there will come a day when the talents and creativity of individuals will not be encouraged because they have been limited to some standards. He sees this as a dangerous end because when such circumstance happens, people will eventually become accustomed to an

Social research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social research methods - Essay Example These people were of different classes as well as encompassing other races. STUDENT EMPLOYMENT QUESTIONNAIRE Answer the questions below appropriately. Note that comments are optional, you can write them if you wish. 1. What is your gender a. Male b. Female 2. Are students able to balance education and work? a. Yes b. No a. Can work stress and academic stress overwhelm the students? b. Yes c. No 3. Is student employment healthy for the students? a. Yes b. No 4. Can students be competitive in their various jobs without experience? a. Yes b. No 5. Which school students are allowed to enter the employment field? a. Primary school students b. High school students c. College/university students 6. Does student employment help students pay their fees? a. Yes b. No 7. Are there limitations in student employment? a. Yes b. No 8. Does student employment contribute to their working experience? a. Yes b. No 9. Does student employment give students extra money for enjoyment that can make them for get about their schoolwork? a. Yes b. No 10. Can work stress and academic stress overwhelm the students? a. Yes b. No 11. Do students find time to study when employed? a. Yes b. No 12. Is there a job limit for the students? a. Yes b. No Reasons for Using Simple Questionnaire Model This report used the above design of questionnaire called simple questionnaire because it is clear and specific. ... se the questions are framed in a way that an individual cannot ignore them in the sense that they are very simple and a person is only required to share his or her view through choosing between yes and no. The comment box is optional and it is only placed for those who love to explain themselves. The main reason I did not to use the other complex questionnaire is that several people could not respond to them since they need a lot of time for an individual to explain his or her views. Besides, this type of questionnaire was the best to use because the subject of research is controversial in the sense that some people it while other does not. Therefore, it is a good opportunity for the public to share their views through responding to the questions. Part B Micro-Level Data Analysis and Interpretation It is evident in the tables and graphs below that there are social-economic differences in health and lifestyle. Health is examined in terms of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) while lifestyle behavior is examined in terms of social support in the society. GHQ-12 data was acquired from the 2004 Health Survey for England cohort (n=3705). The configuration equation modeling was employed to evaluate the robust of the one-dimensional design, the present ‘best fit’ three-dimensional design and a one-dimensional design with retort bias. The best and suitable model that was employed was evaluated for standards error of measurement, reliability and free from discrimination. Questions and Answers 1. Are men more or less likely to have a high (over 4) GHQ-12 score? What does this indicate in relation to psycho-social wellbeing? There is no doubt that men are less likely to have high GHQ-12 score as compared to women. According to the 2005, Health survey conducted in England,

Parkinsons disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Parkinsons disease - Essay Example Its prevalence in developed countries is just about 0.3%. (Breteler, 532) the percentage exceeds to one percent in individuals above sixty years that increases to three percent for individuals that are older than eighty years. (Huse, 1450) Within the USA, Parkinson’s disease affects nearly hundred to one hundred eighty individuals out of every 100,000 individuals and shows a yearly occurrence of four to twenty out of every 100,000 individuals. The prevalence of the disease increases with the rise in the aging of population. It has been estimated that there will be a rise in the occurrence of the disease in upcoming years; however its medical intrusions will participate to a great extent in combating with the extensive range of unmet requirements connected with the disorder. Statistics show a market of $5.9bn in the worldwide retailing of Parkinsons disease restorative therapeutics that is far more than the last year’s values which used to be $4.6bn. Incomes gained from the authorized Parkinsons disease remedies all over the world (in major countries like America, England and France) found out to be more than $2.2 billion in 2006. A rise of revenues that is equivalent to approximately $6.4bn is anticipated by the end of 2015. (Metz, 251) Due to advancement in the therapies a reduction in the number of deaths due to Parkinsons disease is expected in next five to ten years. The increase in the revenues is mainly due to the latest developments in drugs therapy that brings a reduction in the load of polypharmacy in individuals that are currently on the pharmacotherapy of the disease. A dynamic change in the market of Parkinson’s disease is expected mainly due to the leading therapeutics owned by the names like, GlaxoSmithKlines (GSKs), UCB-Schwarzs Neupro, Lundbeck’s Azilect and Teva etc. (Chrischilles, 410) This has also been observed that a huge portfolio

Disease Process Of Herpes Zoster Health And Social Care Essay

Disease Process Of Herpes Zoster Health And Social Care Essay This paper will describe the disease process of Herpes Zoster. Herpes Zoster more commonly referred to as Shingles is an acute, unilateral, and segmental inflammation of sensory nerve roots. Herpes Zoster will be referred to as Shingles hereafter in this paper. The first section of this paper will explain the epidemiology of Shingles. This will include prevalence, mortality, and morbidity using the latest statistics available. The second section will list the predisposing factors of Shingles. Rationales for all risk factors explaining why each one predisposes the individual for that particular disease will be covered. In the third section the pathophysiology will explained. A brief description of the normal anatomy and physiological mechanism will precede the actual pathophysiology. In the fourth section all clinical manifestations will be listed. Including complaints from patients, and abnormalities found in physical exams. In the fifth section an explanation of all tests used to di agnose the disease and a description of these tests. The subsequent section will list the management of this disease from a medical stand point. This will include a description and rationale for all types of interventions such as invasive, non-invasive procedures, and pharmacological measures used to treat this disease. In the seventh section, nursing management of this condition will be explained. This will include nursing diagnoses, nursing goals, interventions (pharmacological, dietary, and patient education). The eighth and final section will describe research trends for this disorder. Including any new treatments, pharmacological, immunizations, invasive/non-invasive therapies, and, diagnostic testing, that are currently under investigation. Epidemiology Shingles is the resurgence of latent Varicella Zoster Virus (Chickenpox), so statistics from this disorder will be included. Humans are the only known reservoir for Chickenpox. Chickenpox has an attack rate of 90% in susceptible individuals. The virus is endemic in the population but becomes epidemic among susceptible individuals during late winter and early spring. Children between the ages of 5-9 are most commonly affected and account for 50% of all cases. Most other cases involve children 1-4 and 10-14. Roughly 10% of the population in the United States over age 15 is susceptible to the virus. The incubation period of chickenpox is 10 to 21 days however is more likely 14 to 17 days. Patients are contagious 48 hours prior to the formation of vesicular rash and until all vesicles have crusted. Attack rates in susceptible siblings in the same household are 70-90%. About 1 million cases of shingles occur in the United States every year. More than half of the people who develop shingle s are over 60, and nearly 50% of complications from shingles are in older adults. Shingles occurs at all ages but is more likely to affect those in the sixth decade of life. Except for immunocompromised, and AIDS patients recurrent attacks are rare. The total duration of the disease is usually 7-10 days however it may be as long as 2-4 weeks until the skin is back to normal. Predisposing Risk Factors Anyone who has recovered from chickenpox may develop shingles, including children. It is not clear what reactivates the virus. Anyone who has had chickenpox has a 10-30% lifetime risk of developing shingles. At 85 years of age, this risk increases to 50%. This increased risk may be linked to a weakening of the immune system. As people get older, their bodies become more vulnerable to many diseases. Having certain diseases such as cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, and, HIV/AIDS, can severely compromise the immune system. Also, treatments for cancer, such as chemotherapy; and other drugs such as steroids, and, medication taken to prevent rejection after an organ transplant can reduce immune function. In summary, having had chickenpox is the number one risk factor for contracting shingles. Among those that have had chickenpox advancing age is the number one risk factor. With immunosuppression being the only other risk factor for shingles. Pathophysiology Shingles is a viral disease. The initial infection with Varicella Zoster Virus causes the acute illness chickenpox, which usually occurs in young people and children. Once chickenpox has resolved, the body does not eliminate the virus. The virus lies dormant until the immune system is compromised. At which time it can cause shingles, an illness with different signs and symptoms, often years after the initial infection. The symptoms of shingles follow a series of three stages, prodromal or onset, active or erruptive, and chronic. However it is common for people not to experience all three stages. The onset phase is the most commonly experienced. During this phase, continuous or intermittent burning, tingling, itching, or various types of pain frequently precede rash by a few hours or days. While the onset phase and the presence of cutaneous nerve fibrils indicate that shingles infection is present in the sensory ganglia, a loss of sensation can also occur. The acute phase is considere d the active phase and follows the onset phase, which involves the development of the distinguishing skin lesions. Development of a rash in elderly patients may be accompanied by malaise, headache, low-grade fever, and nausea. Encephalopathy and severe pain may also go along with these symptoms. The active phase is initially characterized by erythematous papules and edema. Papules progress to vesicles in 12 to 24 hours and to pustules within one to seven days. The pustules eventually dry and fall off within 14-21 days, leaving behind erythematous lesions. The chronic phase is unlike any of the other phases and occurs mostly in the elderly. Many patients develop PHN, which is most likely to result during the chronic stage. PHN is Postherpetic Neuralgia is a chronic pain that persist after the shingles have resolved. Clinical manifestations The most common symptom of shingles is pain that can be severe and unrelenting. In the prodromal stage, which is usually 48-72 hours prior to the presence of a rash, symptoms will include: Numbness Tingling Burning Shooting pain Itching Fever Headache Chills Nausea Shingles usually begins with parasthesias, which are itching, burning, or tingling of skin on one side of the body. Patient may develop a fever, a feeling of being sick, or a headache. Within 1-2 days a rash appears on either side of the body in a band like pattern. The chest or back is typically affected by the shingles rash. The rash may also occur on the face, if it appears near the eye it can permanently affect vision .The pain of shingles can be mild to severe, and generally has a sharp, stabbing, or burning quality. Usually the pain is localized to the skin affected by the rash. It can be severe enough to affect ADLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Older adults compared to younger people generally experience more pain. Within three to four days, shingles blisters can become open sores. These sores may become infected with bacteria. If the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s immune system is not compromised the sores crust over by day 7-10. The rash generally goes away within three to four weeks. Sca rring and skin color changes may be permanent. Most people recover from shingles without any lasting problems. Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN) is a complication of shingles. PHN is a condition in which damage to sensory nerves, causes severe neuropathic pain. This pain can be continuous or intermittent. The pain can occur without external stimuli. However it may also be caused by external stimuli, light touch, the brush of clothing, and even wind can cause extreme pain. The amount of pain from PHN greatly increases with age. PHN is defined as pain that last at least 3 months after all shingles lesions have went away.PHN is treated with: Analgesics Antidepressants Anticonvulsants Corticosteroids These medications may all be used concurrently. However they should be added to the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s regimen one at a time in case there is any adverse reaction, so that the med that caused the reaction can be promptly stopped. Diagnosis Shingles can be diagnosed in the prodromal stage, before lesions appear but this is difficult as the symptoms in this stage can mimic many other illnesses. Virology of skin scrapings once the lesions have appeared is usually the only way to achieve a proper diagnosis. This is done by isolating the Varicella Zoster Virus (Chickenpox) in tissue culture cell lines. The two tests used most are the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test (FAMA), immune adherence hemagglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These two tests are also the most sensitive. Also contact dermatitis is pruritic and shingles is painful. If lesions of herpes simplex are not differentiated from shingles, doses of antibiotics appropriate for shingles should be used. However herpes simplex and shingles are differentiated by the staining of antibodies from vesicular fluid and identified under fluorescent light. Usually the lesions of these two disorders occur in different places. If the CNS is i nvolved, LP results show increased pressure, and protein levels. Medical Management Shingles is usually treated with prescription oral antiviral drugs to significantly reduce the healing time of the infection. Anti inflammatory drugs are used to reduce inflammation, these may be prescription or OTC. Analgesic medication is also used to lower pain level; these may also be prescription or OTC. Antivirals used to treat shingles are: Acyclovir- is administered at a dose of 800mg five times a day for 7-10 days. Famciclovir- is administered at a dose of 500mg three times a day for seven days. Valacyclovir- is administered at a dose of 1g three times a day for 5-7 days. Immunocompromised patients should be treated with IV Acyclovir at a dose of 10-12.5mg/kg q8hrs for seven days. Glucocorticoids such as prednisone administered at a dose of 60mg/d for the first 7 days, 30mg/d for day 8-14 and, 15mg/d for days 15-21. Glucocorticoid treatment should not be used unless there is concomitant antiviral therapy. Analgesics usually used for shingles include: gabapentin, amitriptyline hydrochloride, lidocane patches, codeine, aspirin, acetaminophen, and, fluphenazine hydrochloride. Topical antipruritics such as calamine lotion can be used to reduce pruritis. Nursing Management Nursing diagnoses for shingles include: Acute Pain Disturbed body image Impaired skin integrity Impaired social interaction Risk for infection Outcomes for patients with shingles include: Patient will verbalize that an acceptable level has been achieved. Patient will acknowledge a change in body image. Patient will exhibit healed lesions. Patient will demonstrate effective social interaction skills. Patient will have no further signs of infection. The following nursing interventions should be applied to patients with shingles. Apply calamine lotion as liberally as directed by physician. Apply silver sulfadiazine to soften and debride lesions that are infected. Administer pain medication as prescribed. Patients with severe pain should be referred to a pain specialist. Maintain hygiene to prevent the infection from spreading to other parts of the body. If the patient has open lesions follow contact isolation to avoid spreading the infection to immunocompromised patients. Patient should be reassured that the pain will eventually subside. Also cool wet compresses can be applied to the lesions for 20 minutes several times a day. Domeboro and Betadine soaks may be utilized to reduce crusting. The patient should be encouraged to wear loose fitting clothing to reduce irritation caused from clothing rubbing the lesions. Research Trends New research regarding shingles has been in the area of prevention. Researchers have developed a preventive vaccine, Zostavax, marketed by Merck. Zostavax is a stronger version of the vaccine given to children to prevent chickenpox. The vaccine is 50% effective and is recommended for individuals over the age of 60. Even though an individual may still get shingles after vaccination, the vaccination reduces the risk of complications of shingles. The vaccine has not been utilized by many people because shingles is not a life threatening disease and there have not been many new vaccines for adults, so many people are not aware of this vaccination. Also the vaccine is not covered by insurance so many older adults that are on fixed incomes cannot afford it. Public education about shingles and the extremely painful complications associated with it are presumed to increase the use of this groundbreaking new vaccine. In conclusion shingles is a disease that can affect people that have had chickenpox at any age. However it affects mainly the elderly population. Shingles usually presents with pain, numbness, tingling, burning, shooting pain, itching, fever, headache, chills, and, nausea. Shingles is treated with antivirals, analgesics, and antiinflammatories. Usually a person can only have shingles but there have been rare occasions of people having it more than once. From a nursing stand point relieving pain and starting antiviral therapy are the highest priority interventions. Lastly with patient education about vaccines now available to prevent shingles. The incidence of people getting shingles, or having painful complications if they do get shingles is greatly reduced.